ARTICLE

MAIN ARTICLES :

1.Peritoneal dialysis,

In peritoneal dialysis,a sterile solution containing glucose is run through a tube in to the peritoneal
cavity ,the abdominal body cavity around the intestine, where the peritoneal membrane acts as a semi permeable membrane.The peritoneal membrane or peritoneum is a layer of tissue containing blood vessels that lines and surrounds the peritoneal ,or abdominal,cavity and the internal abdominal organs (stomach,spleen,intestine and ).
The  dialysate  is left there for a period of time to absorb waste products,and then it is drained out through tube and discarded. This cycle or exchange is normally is normally repeats 4-5 times during the day,Each time the dialysate fills and empties from the abdomen is called one exchange.The time of dialysate stay in patients abdominal cavity-wastes chemicals and extra chemicals moves from patients blood to the dialysate across the peritoneum.A drain process is the process after the dwell time ,the dialysate full with waste products and extra fluids is drained out of patients blood.
Ultrafiltration occurs via osmosis,the dialysis solution used contains a high concentration of glucose,and the resulting osmotic pressure causes fluid to move from the blood in to the dialysate.as a result, more fluid is drained than was installed.Peritoneal dialysis is less efficient than hemodialysis,but because it is carried out for a longer period of time the net effect in terms of removal of waste products and of salt and water are similar to hemodialysis.Peritoneal dialysis is carried out in home by a patient,although support is helpfull,it is not essential

ARTICLES

Main article:
1.Hemodialysis.

In hemodialysis ,the patients blood is pumped through the blood compartment of a dialyzer,exposing it to a partially permeable membrane.the dialyzer is composed of thousands of tiny synthetic hollow fibers.The fiber wall acts as the semi-permeable membrane.Blood flows through the fibers,dialysis solution flows around the  outside of the fibers,and water and wastes move between these two solution.

The cleansed blood is then returned via the circuit  back two the body.Ultrafiltration occurs by increasing the hydrostatic pressure across the dialyzer membrane.This usually is done by applying a negative pressure to the dialysate compartment of the dialyzer.This pressure gradient causes water and dissolved solutesto move from blood to dialysate,and allows the removal of several  litres of  excess fluid during a typical 3 to 5 hour treatment.

DIALYSIS

PERITONEAL DIALYSIS :

In peritoneal dialysis ,wastes and water are removed from  the body inside  the body using the peritoneal membrane of the peritoneum as a natural semi-permeable  membrane .

wastes and excess water water moves from the blood,across the peritoneal membrane ,and into a special dialysis solution,called dialysate,in the abdominal cavity which has a composition similar to the fluid portion of blood.

DIALYSIS

TYPES:
The two main types of dialysis,
Hemodiaolysis and peritoneal dialysis,remove waste and excess water from the blood in different ways.
Hemodialysis removes waste and water by circulating blood outside the body through an
external filter,called a dialyzer,that contains a semi-permeable membrane.
The blood flows in one direction and the dialysate flows in the opposite.
The counter current flow of the blood and dialysate maximises the concentration gradient of
solutes between the blood and dialysate,which helps to remove more urea and creatinine from the blood.
The concentration,on of the solutes such as(potassium,phosphorus)are undesirably high in the blood,but low or absent in dialysate solution  and constant replacement of the dialysate ensures that the concentration of undesired solutes is kept low on this side of the membrane

The dialysate  solution has levels of minerals like  potassium and calcium that are similar to their
natural concentration in healthy blood.For another solute,

Bicarbonate,dialysis solution level is set at a slightly higher level than in normal blood,to encourage diffusion of bicarbonate in to the blood.

dialysis

SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE;

It is a thin layer of material that contains various sized holes,or pores.

HEMODIALYSIS

PRINCIPLES:
DILYSIS WORKS ON THE PRINCIPLES OF THE DIFFUSION OF SOLUTES AND ULTRAFILTRAATION OF FLUIDS ACROSS A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE.


Diffusion describes  a property of substances in water.

substances in water tend to move from an area of  high concentration to nan area of low concentration.

DIALYSIS

DIALYSIS:

Dialysis is the process for removing waste and excess water from the blood,and is used to proviide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure.